What is a catalyst?

There are many kinds of catalysts, which can be divided into liquid catalysts and solid catalysts according to the state. 

According to the phase state of the reaction system, they can be divided into homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous 

catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts include acids, bases, soluble transition metal compounds and peroxides. Physical catalysts,

 heterogeneous catalysts include solid acid catalysts, etc., and are divided into polymerization, polycondensation, esterification, 

acetalization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation, reduction, alkylation, isomerization and other catalysts according to 

the type of reaction. The size of the effect is also divided into main and co-catalyst.

1. Homogeneous catalysis

The catalyst and the reactants are in the same phase, and the reaction without phase boundary is called homogeneous catalysis. 

Homogeneous catalysts can play a role in homogeneous catalysis. Homogeneous catalysts include liquid acid, base catalyst, 

Xerox solid acid and base catalyst, Soluble transition metal compounds (salts and complexes), etc., can also act independently 

by molecules or ions, with uniform active centers and high activity and selectivity.

2. Heterogeneous catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysts, used in reactions that are in different phases, that is, they are in a different state than the reactants they 

catalyze, for example, in the production of margarine, unsaturated vegetable oils and hydrogen can be converted by solid nickel to

 Saturated fat, solid nickel is a heterogeneous catalyst, the reactants it catalyzes are liquid (vegetable oil) and gas (hydrogen), a 

simple heterogeneous catalytic reaction includes reactants, adsorbed on the catalyst surface, and bonds in the reactants are broken ,

 resulting in the formation of new bonds, but the bond between the product and the catalyst is not strong, causing the product to 

leave the reaction site, and it is known that there are many different adsorption and reaction structures on the catalyst surface.

3. Biocatalysis

Enzymes are biocatalysts, which are organic compounds with catalytic ability produced by plants, animals and microorganisms 

(mostly proteins), but a small amount of RNA also has biocatalytic functions, formerly known as enzymes, and the catalysis of 

enzymes is also selective, such as Starch, enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into dextrin and maltose, and proteases 

catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides, which are used by living organisms to speed up chemical reactions in the 

body, without enzymes, many chemical reactions in the organism would be very slow and difficult to sustain life, in 37 At 

temperatures around °C (human body temperature), enzymes work well.

Today, the editor will introduce you here. Thank you for watching. I hope the above introduction will be helpful to you. 

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